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Reform of the date of Easter has been proposed several times because the current system for determining the date of Easter is seen as presenting two significant problems: # Its date varies from year to year (by the Western system of calculation, it can fall on any of 35 dates on the Gregorian calendar). While many Christians do not consider this to be a problem, it can cause frequent difficulties of co-ordination with civil calendars, for example academic terms. Many countries have public holidays around Easter weekend. # The Eastern and Western Christian churches calculate Pascha using two different calendars (the Julian and Gregorian, respectively); hence in most years Easter is celebrated on a different date in the East and the West. ==Fixed date== It has been proposed that the first problem could be resolved by making Easter occur on a fixed date every year, or alternatively on a Sunday within a fixed range of seven dates.〔The Pepuzites, a 5th-century sect, celebrated Easter on the Sunday following April 6. Sozomen, ''Ecclesiastical History'' 7.18. The April 6 date was apparently arrived at because it was equivalent to the 14th of the month of Artemisios in an earlier calendar used in the area, hence, the 14th of the first month of spring. Thomas J. Talley, "Afterthoughts on ''The Origins of the Liturgical Year''", in Sean Gallagher et al. Eds., ''Western Plainchantin the First Millennium'', Ashgate, Aldershot, 2003, pp. 1-10.〕 While tying it to one fixed date would serve to underline the belief that Easter commemorates an actual historical event, without an accompanying calendar reform that changes the pattern of the days of the week (itself a subject of religious controversy) it would also break the tradition of Easter always being on a Sunday, established since the 2nd century AD and by now deeply embedded in the liturgical practice and theological understanding of almost all Christian denominations. The two most widespread proposals for fixing the date of Easter would set it on either the second Sunday in April (8 to 14), or the Sunday after the second Saturday in April (9 to 15). In both schemes, account has been taken of the fact that—in spite of the many difficulties in establishing the dates of the historical events involved—many scholars attribute a high degree of probability to Friday April 7, 30, as the date of the crucifixion of Jesus, which would make April 9 the date of the Resurrection. Another date which is supported by many scholars is April 3, 33,〔Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington, "Dating the Crucifixion ," Nature 306 (December 22/29, 1983), pp. 743-46.()〕〔Colin J. Humphreys and W. G. Waddington, ''The Date of the Crucifixion'' Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation 37 (March 1985)()〕〔Colin Humphreys, ''The Mystery of the Last Supper'' Cambridge University Press 2011 ISBN 978-0-521-73200-0, p. 193〕 making April 5 the date of the Resurrection. Many churches, including the Roman Catholic Church, have stated that they have no objection in principle to fixing the date of Easter in this way, but no serious discussions have yet taken place on implementing such a change. In the late 1920s and 1930s, this idea gained some momentum (along with other calendar reform proposals, such as the World Calendar), and in 1928 a law was passed in the United Kingdom authorising an Order in Council which would fix the date of Easter in that country as the first Sunday after the second Saturday in April.〔''Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History'', by E.G. Richards (1998), p. 122 ISBN 0-19-286205-7〕 However, this was never implemented. In 1977, some Eastern Orthodox representatives objected to separating the date of Easter from lunar phases.〔(Ukrainian Catholic University Organizes Seminar on Easter Date )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reform of the date of Easter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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